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Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 42: Câu bị động đặc biệt 2 – HocHay
1. Thể bị động của các động từ tường thuật
– Các động từ tường thuật gồm: assume, believe, claim, consider, expect, feel, find, know, report, say, think, find, understand, discover, prove, observe, estimate…
– Đối với các động từ tường thuật, có 2 cách để chuyển câu chủ động sang bị động.
S: chủ ngữ; S’: Chủ ngữ bị động
O: Tân ngữ; O’: Tân ngữ bị động
- Cách 1:
Câu chủ động: S + V + THAT + S’ + V’ + …
⇒ Câu bị động: It + be + V3/-ed + THAT + S’ + V’
Ví dụ:
- People say that your father drink lots of beer.
(Người ta nói rằng cha của em uống rất nhiều bia)
⇒ It is said that your father drink lots of beer.
- They claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam.
(Người ta quả quyết rằng em đạt điểm số cao nhất ở cuộc thi đầu vào)
⇒ It was claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam.
- Cách 2:
Câu chủ động: S + V + THAT + S’ + V’ + …
+ V và V’ cùng ở hiện tại đơn hoặc quá khứ đơn
+ V ở hiện tại đơn, V’ ở tương lai đơn
⇒ Câu bị động: S’ + be + V3/-ed + to V’
Ví dụ:
- People believe that he is my weakness.
(Mọi người tin rằng anh ấy là điểm yếu của tôi)
⇒ He is believed to be my weakness.
- They claimed that you got the highest score in the entrance exam.
(Người ta quả quyết rằng em đạt điểm số cao nhất ở cuộc thi đầu vào)
⇒ You was claimed to get the highest score in the entrance exam.
+ V ở hiện tại đơn và V’ ở quá khứ đơn
⇒ Câu bị động: S’ + be + V3/-ed + to have V’3/-ed
- Ví dụ: Everyone says that Josh left the country 3 months ago.
(Ai cũng nói rằng Josh đã rời khỏi đất nước 3 tháng trước)
⇒ Josh is said to have left the country 3 months ago.
+ V ở hiện tại đơn và V’ ở hiện tại tiếp diễn
⇒ Câu bị động: S’ + be + V3/-ed + to be V’ing
- Ví dụ: People think that Jane is still waiting for me.
(Mọi người nghĩ rằng Jane vẫn đang chờ đợi tôi)
⇒ Jane is thought to be waiting for me
+ V ở hiện tại đơn và V’ ở quá khứ tiếp diễn
⇒ Câu bị động: S’ + be + V3/-ed + to have been V’ing
- Ví dụ: I think that they were doing homework.
(Tôi nghĩ là chúng nó đang làm bài tập về nhà)
⇒ They are thought to have been doing homework.
2. Supposed to
– Supposed được dùng tương tự như said to … :
- I want to see that film. It’s supposed to be good. (= people say it’s good)
- There are many stories about Joe. He’s supposed to have robbed a bank many years ago.
- Fireworks are supposed to have been invented in China. Is it true?
– Đôi lúc, supposed to … có ý nghĩa là những gì được dự định, sắp xếp hoặc dự kiến. Thường thì điều này khác với tình huống thực tế
- The plan is supposed to be a secret, but everybody seems to know about it.
(= kế hoạch được dự định sẽ là bí mất) - What are you doing at work? You’re supposed to be on holiday.
(= bạn được sắp xếp để nghỉ lễ) - Our guests were supposed to come at 7.30, but they were late.
- Jane was supposed to phone me last night, but she didn’t.
- I’d better hurry. I’m supposed to be meeting Chris in ten minutes.
– You’re not supposed to do something = không được phép hoặc không được khuyên làm điều gì đó
- You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
- Joe is much better after his illness, but he’s not supposed to exercise too hard.
Bài tập Ngữ pháp tiếng anh luyện thi TOEIC – Unit 42: Câu bị động đặc biệt 2 – HocHay
A Write these sentences in another way, beginning as shown. Use the underlined word each time.
1 It is expected that the strike will end soon.
The strike is expected to end soon.
2 It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people………………………
3 It is thought that the thieves got in through a window in the roof.
The thieves……………………
4 It is alleged that the driver of the car was driving at 110 miles an hour.
The driver……………………
5 It is reported that the building has been badly damaged by the fire.
The building……………………
6 It is said that the company is losing a lot of money.
The company……………………
7 It is believed that the company lost a lot of money last year.
The company……………………
8 It is expected that the company will make a loss this year.
The company……………………
B Complete the sentences. Use the words in brackets and any other necessary words.
1 A: What’s the City Hotel like? Can you recommend it?
B: I’ve never stayed there, but it’s supposed to be (it / supposed) very good.
2 A: How much are these paintings worth?
B: I’m not sure, but …………………… (they / supposed) very valuable.
3 A: This looks an interesting building.
B: Yes, …………………… (it / supposed) a prison a long time ago.
4 A: Is it true that your neighbours were lucky in the lottery?
B: Yes, …………………… (they / supposed / win) a lot of money.
5 A: Is it possible to climb to the top of the tower?
B: Yes, …………………… (the view / supposed) very nice.
6 A: I heard that Laura has gone away.
B: Yes, …………………… (she / supposed / living) in London now.
C Write sentences using supposed to be + the following:
|
on a diet a flower my friend a joke open every day a secret working |
1 How is it that everybody knows about the plan? It’s supposed to be a secret.
2 You shouldn’t criticise me all the time. You……………………
3 I shouldn’t be eating this cake really. I……………………
4 I’m sorry for what I said. I was trying to be funny. It……………………
5 What’s this drawing? Is it a tree? Or maybe it……………………
6 You shouldn’t be playing a game now. ……………………
7 That’s strange. The museum seems to be closed. ……………………
D Write sentences with supposed to … or not supposed to … . Choose from the following verbs:
|
depart lift park phone put start |
1 You ’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
2 We ……………………work at 8.15, but we rarely do anything before 8.30.
3 I ……………………Helen last night, but I completely forgot.
4 This door is a fire exit. We ……………………anything in front of it.
5 My flight ……………………at 10.15, but it didn’t leave until 11.30.
6 Jonathan has a problem with his back. He ……………………anything heavy.
Đáp án
A
2 Many people are reported to be homeless after the floods.
3 The thieves are thought to have got in through a window in the roof.
4 The driver (of the car) is alleged to have been driving at 110 miles an hour. or … to have driven at …
5 The building is reported to have been badly damaged by the fire.
6 The company is said to be losing a lot of money.
7 The company is believed to have lost a lot of money last year.
8 The company is expected to make a loss this year.
B
2 they’re / they are supposed to be
3 it’s / it is supposed to have been
4 they’re / they are supposed to have won
5 the view is supposed to be
6 she’s / she is supposed to be living
C
2 You’re / You are supposed to be my friend.
3 I’m / I am supposed to be on a diet.
4 It was supposed to be a joke.
5 Or maybe it’s / it is supposed to be a flower.
6 You’re / You are supposed to be working.
7 It’s supposed to be open every day.
D
2 ’re / are supposed to start
3 was supposed to phone
4 aren’t / ’re not / are not supposed to put
5 was supposed to depart
6 isn’t / ’s not / is not supposed to lift
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